Gum disease is an umbrella term used to describe several gum issues. It includes gingivitis, which is an inflammation of the gums. The term also includes periodontitis, which is an inflammation of the bone, ligament and supporting structures of the teeth. Gum disease can also be used to describe temporary, aggressive types of gum issues such as ANUG (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.)
Gingivitis
As stated above, gingivitis is an inflammation of the gum tissues. Gingivitis can range from mild to severe, and symptoms include bleeding/sore/puffy/red gums. Gingivitis is the first stage of gum disease and is reversible if it is caught early enough. It occurs when plaque sits on the teeth and gums without being adequately removed with brushing and flossing. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress into periodontitis.
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is a more severe and irreversible form of gum disease. It is characterized by a breakdown and inflammation of the bone, ligament and supporting structures of the teeth. Symptoms of periodontitis are the same as with gingivitis but also include bad breath, receding gums, deep gum pockets and even loose teeth. When we speak about the gum and bone support around the teeth, we often say “what’s lost is lost,” meaning that once these tissues resorb away, they don’t grow back. There are gum and bone grafting procedures available when tissue loss is significant. It is vital to catch gingivitis and periodontitis before they progress to permanent changes in the mouth.
ANUG/ANUP
ANUG (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis) and ANUP (acute necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis) are two aggressive forms of gum disease. These conditions have a variety of causes such as stress, inadequate nutrition and unsanitary conditions. Both of these conditions progress fast and can cause loss of gums, black/sloughing gums, heavy bleeding, severe inflammation and pain. These conditions are often treatable with a combination of antibiotics and special mouthwashes.
The good news is that all of these conditions are highly preventable with good oral hygiene at home, as well as regular dental cleanings and check-ups. If you believe you have some form of gum disease or have any questions about gum disease, we encourage you to contact us today to schedule an appointment.