Xerostomia is the name for a constantly dry mouth. It is caused by a reduction in salivary production of the salivary glands in the oral cavity. Dry mouth may have several different causes but is always something that needs to be addressed to maintain good oral health.
Effects of Dry Mouth
- Reduction in the taste of food and drinks
- Sticky, burning feeling on the tongue
- Difficulty speaking, chewing and swallowing
- Increased risk of tooth decay and demineralized enamel
- Increased risk of oral lesions and infections
- Sore soft tissues
- Dry, cracked lips
- Dry, sore throat
Causes of Dry Mouth
Medications – The number one cause of dry mouth is from medications. Many different types of drugs can cause a dry mouth (upwards of 400 different medications), including antihistamines, high blood pressure medications, pain medications, decongestants, diuretics, muscle relaxants and antidepressants.
Cancer Chemotherapy/ Head & Neck Radiation – Dry mouth caused by these procedures can be either short or long term, which is case dependant. These procedures cause toxicity to oral salivary glands, which reduce the salivary flow and can also cause damage to the oral tissues.
Aging – Likely, the correlation between ageing and a dry mouth is the likelihood of being on medications later in life. There is a 30% higher risk of dry mouth after 65 years old and a 40% higher risk of dry mouth after 80 years old.
Autoimmune Disease – Various autoimmune diseases can contribute to a dry mouth such as cystic fibrosis, Sjogren syndrome, HIV and AIDS, Hepatitis C and poorly controlled diabetes.
Lifestyle – A higher intake of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine can lead to a dry mouth
Solutions for Dry Mouth
It is essential to use a salivary substitute when experiencing a dry mouth.
Salivary substitutes alleviate the adverse effects of a dry mouth by supplementing the salivary glands. Several brands sell salivary substitute products, and they can come in the form of gum, mouthwash and lozenge that contain either fluoride or xylitol to prevent cavities. Because there is a higher risk of cavities with a dry mouth, it is crucial to maintain good oral hygiene by brush at least twice a day, flossing at least once a day, and using mouthwash at least once a day. Never use an alcohol-based mouthwash with a dry mouth because it will dry the mouth out further. Make sure to visit your dentist and dental hygienist every 3-6 months for regular check-ups and cleanings.
Always speak to your doctor and dentist if you experience dry mouth symptoms constantly.